Basic concepts in quantum computation.

Thomas, responding to your question.A qubit is a quantum system in which the Boolean states 0 and 1 are represented by a prescribed pair of normalised and mutually orthogonal quantum states labeled as

The two states form a `computational basis' and any other (pure) state of the qubit can be written as a superposition for some α and β such that | α | ² + | β | ² = 1. A qubit is typically a microscopic system, such as an atom, a nuclear spin, or a polarised photon. A collection of n qubits is called a quantum register of size n.

We shall assume that information is stored in the registers in binary form. For example, the number 6 is represented by a register in state . In more compact notation: stands for the tensor product , where , and it represents a quantum register prepared with the value . There are 2ⁿ states of this kind, representing all binary strings of length n or numbers from 0 to 2ⁿ − 1, and they form a convenient computational basis. In the following (a is a binary string of length n) implies that belongs to the computational basis.

(La mecánica cuántica es la rama de la física que considera que la trasmisión de la energía ano es continua; esta especialidad nos ha aportado soluciones tecnológicas tan importantes como lo es el láser.)

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