The images are taken while the cameras are at rest with respect to the black hole. They are labelled with the Schwarzschild radial coordinate, r, of the camera position which is given in units of the Schwarzschild radius, rs, of the black hole. The optical effects depend on the ratio r/rs only.
To keep a camera at a constant radial coordinate it must be accelerated. The required acceleration, a, is noted along with the position and is expressed in terms of the gravitational acceleration at sea level on earth, g. It is calculated for a 10 solar mass black hole. It is possible to have the same optical effects with a much smaller acceleration; this simply requires a much more massive black hole. In order to remain at r=1.005 rs with an acceleration of merely 1 g, the black hole would have to have 20 trillion (20 million millions) solar masses, i.e. about 10 million times the mass of the black hole in the center of the Galaxy.
NOTE: When a camera that sits close to a black hole receives radiation emitted by a faraway star, this radiation is blueshifted. I.e. the visible radiation recorded by the camera was originally emitted in the infrared. This gravitational change in wavelength exceeds 10% for r smaller than 5 Schwarzschild radii. A more realistic impression of the night sky as seen from nearby a black hole thus requires the use of infrared all-sky images which are then blue-shifted and intensity-scaled in the appropriate way.
r = 100 rs, a = 15 million g |
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